Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Metastatic Effects of Ethanol Extract from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Roots and its Sub-Fractions in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., known as pigeon pea, C. Millsp. roots (CR) contain daidzein, genistein, and cajanol which have numerous health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative anti-metastatic effects sub-fractions (EECRpw, EECRp25, EECRp50, EECRp70, EECRp95) containing 95% ethanol extract from CR (EECR95) in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC25). We found that sub-fraction (EECRp70) significantly inhibited proliferation, down-regulated secretion matrix metalloproteinase-2 vascular endothelial growth factor-2 a dose-dependent manner, mechanisms were related iNOS/COX-2/NF-ĸB signaling pathways. Moreover, EECRp70 combination with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (cisplatin or taxol) also blocked arrested cycle subG1 phase, intracellular production reactive oxygen species, reduced migration invasion SCC25 cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrate inhibits proliferation metastatic, is relatively high uptake genistein (2.71%) for 12 h. In addition, contains abundant flavonoids such cajanol. Thus, we suggest supports anecdotal use herbal medicine functional food.